Water Quality Assessment of Natural Springs in Udhampur District and Application of Iron Nanomaterial as a Remedial Step
Keywords:
Water Quality, Udhampur District, Physicochemical Properties, Water Quality Index (WQI), Groundwater Pollution, Nanomaterials, Sustainable Water TreatmentAbstract
This study investigates the water quality of natural springs in the Udhampur District by analysing the physicochemical properties of water samples from Mongu Di Bowli (a natural spring) and Pittan Barh Bowli (a natural spring) near the Devika River. Over the year 2021, several parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, calcium, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, sulphate, and phosphate mostly remained within acceptable limits. However, elevated levels of magnesium (Mg), boron (B), nitrite (NO3-), and, in some instances, phosphate (PO43-) were noted, necessitating attention. The evaluated Water Quality Index (WQI) of 82 for Mongu Di Bowli and 68.2 for Pittan Barh Bowli both fall under the "good" category, indicating that the water is generally safe for consumption but may require treatment to fully comply with established standards. This comprehensive assessment underscores the need for continuous monitoring and improvement measures to mitigate identified water quality issues, ensuring human health and environmental sustainability in the Udhampur District. Strengthening environmental regulations, implementing advanced water treatment processes, and enhancing community engagement are pivotal to sustaining water quality. It suggests that anthropogenic activities, such as the discharge of untreated effluents, agriculture waste, and domestic wastewater, are the primary contributors to groundwater pollution. This study explores porous iron-based nanomaterials with a 0.32 cm3/g pore volume, highlighting their effectiveness in removing impurities from water. The nanomaterials' enhanced adsorptive capacities are attributed to their specific physical and chemical properties. This research offers a promising solution to contemporary water pollution challenges and underscores the potential application of these nanomaterials in sustainable water treatment.
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