Strengthening of Lumbar Extensors to Prevent Disc Degeneration and Low Back Pain Among Swimmers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/ejac.v20i1.1146Keywords:
Lumbar strengthening, low back pain, disc degeneration, swimming biomechanics, core stabilityAbstract
Background: Competitive swimmers are at an increased risk of low back pain (LBP) and lumbar disc degeneration due to repetitive spinal hyperextension, particularly in butterfly and breaststroke swimmers. Strengthening lumbar extensors has been proposed as an effective intervention to improve spinal stability and prevent disc degeneration.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of lumbar extensor strengthening exercises in preventing disc degeneration and reducing low back pain among swimmers.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on competitive swimmers (n=10) with a history of low back discomfort or at risk of lumbar degeneration. Participants were divided into:
- Intervention Group (IG) – 12-week lumbar strengthening program
- Control Group (CG) – Regular swimming training without lumbar-specific exercises Outcomes were assessed using:
- Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity
- Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for functional disability
- MRI-based Pfirrmann Grading for disc degeneration
- Isokinetic strength testing for lumbar extensors
Results:
The Intervention Group demonstrated:
- Significant pain reduction (VAS score ↓ by 52%, p < 05)
- Improved functional outcomes (ODI score ↓ by 40%, p < 05)
- Increased lumbar extensor strength (peak torque ↑ by 37%)
- MRI findings showed improved disc hydration (Pfirrmann Grade reduction in 60% of IG participants)
Conclusion: Lumbar extensor strengthening significantly reduces pain, enhances spinal function, and prevents degenerative changes in competitive swimmers. This intervention should be integrated into regular swimmer training protocols to enhance performance and longevity in the sport.
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