‘’Overview On Acute Renal Failure’’
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/ejac.v12i3.1166Keywords:
Acute Kidney Disease, Acute Failure, Evaluation ,Mechanism Of Arf, PreventionAbstract
Acute renal failure (ARF), characterized by sudden loss of the ability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, conserve electrolytes, and maintain fluid balance, is a frequent clinical problem, particularly in the intensive care unit, where it is associated with a mortality of between 50% and 80%. In this review, the epidemiology and pathophysiology of ARF are discussed, including the vascular, tubular, and inflammatory perturbations. The clinical evaluation of ARF and implications for potential future therapies to decrease the high mortality are described.
During the bombing of London in World War II, Bywaters and Beall described an acute loss of kidney function that occurred in severely injured crush victims (1). Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was the term coined to describe this clinical entity, because of histological evidence for patchy necrosis of renal tubules at autopsy. In the clinical setting, the terms ATN and acute renal failure (ARF) are frequently used interchangeably. However, for the purposes of this review, the term ARF, rather than ATN, will be used. ARF will not include increases in blood urea due to reversible renal vasoconstriction (prerenal azotemia) or urinary tract obstruction (postrenal azotemia).
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